Gemma cups are protective in function

Gemma cup Rhizoids Gemma cup Rhizoids Figure Bryophytes: A liverwort – Marchantia Female thallus Male thallus Mosses

Marchantia polymorpha propagates through vegetative reproduction by forming gemmae in a gemma cup Each gemma in gemma cups grows to a thallus,

gemmae cups Gemma cup: The structures similar to the cup found on the upper surface of Bryophytes are referred to as Gemma The presence of Gemmae, a tissue developing

gemma cups Carter and Romine , Kaufhold and Voth and Hamner described that short-day condition favored gemma-cup formation, though vegetative growth